|
|
|
Sort Order |
|
|
|
Items / Page
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
176129
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This article explores educational integration and the ways in which ‘difference’ is accommodated in the mainstream Japanese education system by drawing upon two distinct cases of marginalised students: deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHH) students and immigrant students. One form of accommodation to aid the integration of these two groups into mainstream classrooms is ‘special support classes’ such as providing Japanese as a Second Language classes to recent immigrant students and speech training and academic support to DHH students. While ‘integration’ and, more recently, ‘inclusion’ practices are usually placed in a binary system with segregation in the form of separate schools or ‘schools within a school’, we argue that these separate educational spaces have important roles, meanings, and functions for marginalised students who re-imagine them as spaces of belonging (ibasho). Belonging is co-constructed in these physically and metaphorically separate spaces rather than in ‘mainstream’ ones in which they are academically integrated but socially isolated. By analysing the official role of support classes in ‘integrating’ students in mainstream settings, we explore the co-constructed meaning given to such spaces of ‘voluntary separation’ by marginalised students in the Japanese education system.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 2 |
ID:
176126
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
During the immediate aftermath of the Great Kantō Earthquake in 1923, a mass killing of Chinese immigrants took place at the same time as the historically more notorious Korean massacre. This Chinese lynching aroused great concern among high-ranking Taishō officials, for it could have ruined the Foreign Ministry’s effort to reduce anti-Japanese sentiment in North America. Meanwhile, the warlord governments and intellectuals in China defined the incident as a violation of Chinese national sovereignty, thus demanding apologies and compensation from the Japanese authorities. Complementing existing English-language studies of the Kantō Massacre, which pay little heed to the Chinese victims, this article not only examines the role of martial law, ethnic discrimination and exclusionist labor policies in provoking a post-earthquake lynching, but also probes the common ways the Japanese government and the Chinese public assessed this incident. It argues that the massacre encapsulated a great convergence of three historical trajectories: the construction of Japanese national identity, Korean and Chinese labor migration to Japan, and the subjugation of human life to sovereign power.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 3 |
ID:
176130
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This study argues that the massive growing interest in Chinese language in Japanese universities in the 1990s was more complicated than it seemed. ‘Chinese fever’ at the beginning of the new millennium is best situated in the context of several ‘boom-and-bust’ cycles in Chinese language education that date back to the early Meiji Period when the Japanese university system was beginning to take shape. This focusses on three key transitions: 1) the early 1870s, when Monbushō assumed control of foreign language education from the Gaimushō (Ministry of Foreign Affairs); 2) the mid-1940s, when the Allied General Headquarters (GHQ) made policy decisions that compromised the Chinese studies that had slowly taken root in the pre-war system; and 3) the late 1990s when Monbushō advanced internationalization policies that compromised Chinese language initiatives while interest in the language was burgeoning. In each case, ‘homegrown’ Chinese studies were poised to make some kind of dramatic comeback; in each case the best efforts of Chinese language’s colorful protagonists were thwarted by politically-tinged government policy. This article contends that the western-oriented Japanese academy failed to nurture Chinese language education precisely at times when the environment for its growth was most fertile.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 4 |
ID:
176127
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
Kusumoto Ine was one of the first women in Japan to practice Western medicine. As the daughter of Philipp Franz von Siebold, a naturalised Dutch physician who visited Japan in the early nineteenth century, and Kusumoto Taki, his Japanese concubine, Ine’s extraordinary life has captured the imaginations of novelists, dramatists and historians alike. For a long time, readers have turned to Yoshimura Akira’s 1978 novel Fuon Shiiboruto no Musume [Von Siebold’s daughter] as the most accessible and comprehensive rendition of her biography, with much of its historical detail accepted as fact, rather than fiction. In this article, I argue that despite the popularity of Yoshimura’s biographical novel, it is still possible and desirable to create alternative narratives of Ine’s life. In order to present a feminist narrative of Ine’s past, I propose to examine her as a filial daughter who – like many other Japanese women of her time – took action to empower herself as an individual, as well as to protect and ensure the survival of her family.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 5 |
ID:
176131
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the historical development and contemporary status of Japanese language institutes catering for international students in Japan (nihongo gakkō; hereafter ‘JLIs’), highlighting their ambiguous positioning in the landscape of international education. It outlines the dramatic growth and shift in JLI student profiles since 2010 by reference to changes in policy and market dynamics, including the evolution of transnational recruitment channels and the emergence of JLI students as an important source of unskilled labour. Drawing on both secondary data and interviews with JLI teachers and students, the article sheds light on the struggle to reconcile competing educational and managerial priorities, as well as the difficulty of formulating effective policy responses in the absence of a comprehensive regulatory regime or a unified industry lobby. This analysis of JLIs problematises the assumptions and institutional categories employed in mainstream studies of international higher education, and encourages a reconfiguration of traditional frames for understanding Japanese language education, student mobility, and the foreign labour market, all of which are major policy issues in Japan today.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
| 6 |
ID:
176128
|
|
|
|
|
| Summary/Abstract |
This essay considers commemorative activity centered on the 1868 Battle of Toba-Fushimi, the first major engagement of the Boshin Civil War (1868–1869). This battle, which pitted the Tokugawa shogunate against forces loyal to the Kyoto court, ended in a decisive victory for loyalist forces. Nonetheless, although Toba-Fushimi had helped ensure the success of the Meiji Restoration, the new government made little effort to use the battle as a major component of its foundational mythology. The absence of major state intervention in either the memorialization of the battle or the preservation of the battlefield resulted in a commemorative vacuum that was filled by other actors – ranging from Tokugawa supporters to producers of popular culture. This essay addresses three periods in the history of Toba-Fushimi commemoration: the early Meiji period, when narratives of the battle first coalesced; the late Meiji and early Taishо̄ periods, when changed political circumstances and major anniversaries resulted in a surge of Toba-Fushimi-related memory activism; and the post-World War II era, when a diverse array of actors attempted (largely unsuccessfully) to resuscitate popular interest in the battle.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|