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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
192802
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| Summary/Abstract |
Transitioning to an equitable electricity sector requires a deep understanding of a warming climate's impacts on vulnerable populations. A vital climate adaptation measure is deploying air-conditioning (AC), but AC use can increase household energy costs. We evaluate how a warming climate will affect regional energy equity by tying temperature projections with household temperature response functions derived from smart-meter electricity data in Phoenix, Arizona. We simulate future consumption changes under two climate change scenarios from 2020 to 2070, with and without AC efficiency upgrades.
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| 2 |
ID:
176725
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| Summary/Abstract |
As the state of Oregon transitions to a low-carbon economy, households currently experiencing a high energy cost burden may be vulnerable to future energy price fluctuations. To identify areas susceptible to high energy burden, this study models household energy use intensity on a census-tract level in Oregon. Findings are compared with housing, racial, and sociodemographic characteristics to explore factors associated with high energy use. Finally, energy cost index is constructed and mapped to identify census tracts vulnerable to high energy burden for targeted program and policy development. Study results reveal that census tracts with higher level of energy use intensity have higher percent of older housing, low-income households, households experiencing energy burden, and populations of racial minorities and without high school diploma. This research advances our understanding of differences in energy consumption across diverse population groups and provides detailed information on energy use and energy cost burden for state-level policymaking.
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| 3 |
ID:
176875
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| Summary/Abstract |
Energy poverty is typically assessed using the energy expenditure-to-income ratio as a metric. This metric fails to account, though, for residents' demographics and regional variation in energy consumption. In the United States, policymakers dealing with energy poverty have faced challenges estimating the needs for energy-assistance programs. This study seeks to explore regional variations in energy poverty. Using Texas as the region of study, this work also explores differences in the populations captured via objective and subjective metrics (i.e., those who are unable to pay their bill and those who state they struggle to do so). Drawing on survey data, this work uses statistical analyses to (1) assess the regional variation of energy poverty defined as a ratio of household income spent on electricity bills, (2) determine if there is an association between objective and subjective metrics of energy poverty, and (3) identify statistical drivers of objective and subjective energy poverty metrics. Of respondents, 51% of objectively energy-burdened individuals indicated they struggled to pay electricity bills and 53% faced great stress due to the electricity bill. If policymakers can use metrics that are more accurate in capturing populations facing energy poverty, more effective energy poverty policies might be formulated.
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| 4 |
ID:
192721
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| Summary/Abstract |
As energy prices rise and climate change brings more extreme and frequent days of heating and cooling, households must allocate more of their income to energy bills, increasing their energy burden. Many strategies are employed to alleviate high energy burden, such as weatherization, energy efficiency, and energy storage and rooftop solar, though the benefits of each scale based on factors such as climate, housing characteristics, and energy behaviors. This study used variation in these factors across the United States to create a set of representative houses to investigate the variable responses to different energy burden reduction measures in the simulation environment GridLAB-D. Comparison of modeled energy and bill savings determined weatherization to have the most variability in energy and bill savings, often providing comparable and even greater energy and bill savings to energy storage plus rooftop solar at a fraction of the cost; energy storage provided the most consistent bill savings, determined primarily by the rate tariff used for energy arbitrage; and appliance efficiency upgrades provided minimal energy and bill savings. The results of the analysis can be used by policymakers, utilities, communities, and individuals to tailor energy burden reduction programs, policies, and spending to maximize local benefit.
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