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| 1 |
ID:
176825
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper introduces an innovative line of study to the current literature, by assessing the interactions, in France, between electricity sources, and periods with differing electricity consumption; namely morning off-peak, morning peak, middle off-peak, and night peak, using high-frequency data, specifically, daily data. This paper also analyses the impact of these interactions on both the diversification of the electricity mix, and on carbon dioxide emissions. Thus, this research could help identify the conditions needed, in both supply and demand, for a successful transition towards renewable energies. A Vector Autoregressive model has been employed to detect the presence of endogeneity, and to show the interactions between electricity supply and demand. Consumption in France has been problematic for the management of a portfolio containing rigid and intermittent base load sources. High peak consumption at night has increased the necessity to deploy a flexible electricity generating source, in other words, fossil fuels, and is one of the reasons for nuclear de-activation. In comparison, high morning peak consumption is rational and desirable. Indeed, morning peaks have been satisfied by a portfolio of renewable energies, decreasing the harmful impact of electricity on the environment, and keeping electricity costs low.
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| 2 |
ID:
191169
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| Summary/Abstract |
The access that households have to various forms of energy depends on their level of urbanisation, which leads to distinct preferences in the forms of energy they consume. Consequently, different forms of residential energy consumption should have different impacts on energy poverty, when analysed for each degree of urbanisation. Verifying this was the underlying motivation for this study. Thus, it investigates how forms of residential energy consumption (oil, wood/biomass, natural gas, and electricity) impact energy poverty in (a) cities; (b) towns and suburbs; and (c) rural areas. To do so, data from 2005 until 2018 for twelve European countries was analysed using three-panel data sets, one for each urbanisation degree. The results, estimated using Feasible Generalised Least Squares, indicated that, in sparsely populated areas (towns, suburbs, and rural areas), primary energy sources, such as wood/biomass and natural gas alleviate energy poverty. Conversely, in cities, residential electricity consumption has been the key form for decreasing both poverty and energy poverty. The results of this research highlight that energy forms have differing impacts on energy poverty in areas with different levels of urbanisation. Therefore, energy policies should be planned at a disaggregated regional level within countries, and not at a national or European level.
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