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| Srl | Item |
| 1 |
ID:
186977
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| Summary/Abstract |
JEFFRY FRIEDEN discusses Diana Mutz’s Winners and Losers: The Psychology of Foreign Trade and assesses the sources of attitudes toward international trade, and of the backlash against it. He observes that trade-related (and other) economic shocks have a powerful impact on the political behavior of those in distressed regions. He notes, however, that views at the individual level often reflect only a vague connection to economic interests. He argues that the research frontier is to understand the relationship between geographical socio-economic and political trends, on the one hand, and their expression in the views and behavior of individuals, on the other.
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| 2 |
ID:
178569
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| Summary/Abstract |
A populist backlash to globalization has ushered in nationalist governments and challenged core features of the Liberal International Order. Although startling in scope and urgency, the populist wave has been developing in declining regions of wealthy countries for some time. Trade, offshoring, and automation have steadily reduced the number of available jobs and the wages of industrial workers since at least the 1970s. The decline in manufacturing employment initiated the deterioration of social and economic conditions in affected communities, exacerbating inequalities between depressed rural areas and small cities and towns, on the one hand, and thriving cities, on the other. The global financial crisis of 2008 catalyzed these divisions, as communities already in decline suffered deeper and longer economic downturns than metropolitan areas, where superstar knowledge, technology, and service-oriented firms agglomerate. We document many of these trends across the United States and Europe, and demonstrate that populist support is strongest in communities that experienced long-term economic and social decline. Institutional differences in labor markets and electoral rules across developed democracies may explain some of the variation in populists’ electoral success. Renewed support for the Liberal International Order may require a rejuvenation of distressed communities and a reduction of stark regional inequalities.
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