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| 1 |
ID:
179035
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| Summary/Abstract |
Iran is pulled in different directions by China and India when it comes to their rivalry in economic and geopolitical spheres. Yet, Iran – which initially exploited the Sino-Indian rivalry to maximize its benefits following the 2015 nuclear deal – has strived to navigate ties between China and India to survive in the face of tough U.S. sanctions since 2018. This article, first, provides a brief discussion on historical precedents that have shaped Iran’s foreign policy in general. Then, the pivots of Iran-China-India triangular relationship are examined by looking at Iran’s a) involvement in China’s Belt and Road Initiative; b) partnership with China in the Iranian oil fields; c) participation in India’s International North-South Transport Corridor; and d) partnership with India in the Chabahar port. Finally, Iran’s reorientation in response to former President Trump’s withdrawal from the 2015 deal and its reaction to President Biden’s possible return to the deal are discussed.
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| 2 |
ID:
190890
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| Summary/Abstract |
The Taliban 2.0 have made overtures to states across different regions to seek international recognition. In a departure from their past isolationist foreign policy practices, I argue the Taliban have expediently, yet uncharacteristically, pursued these initiatives in a spirit of “pragmatism.” The modus vivendi they have reached with Iran demonstrates the Taliban’s unprecedented prioritization of pragmatism over ideology. I draw upon Machiavellian pragmatism in International Relations theory to examine the shift in the Taliban’s political posture through the lens of Iran–Afghanistan relations in three crucial episodes: the Taliban’s rule over Afghanistan from 1996 to 2001, the post-9/11 Afghanistan, and the resurgence of the Taliban since August 2021.
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