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| 1 |
ID:
179700
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| Summary/Abstract |
The introduction of Time of Use (ToU) tariffs may affect residential electricity consumers differently depending not only on their financial position but also time availability. The aim of this paper is to identify socio-demographic groups which may be financially advantaged or disadvantaged by the introduction of ToU tariffs. Assuming no behavioural change, we impose ToU tariffs on UK half hourly smart meter data and the synthetic demand profiles for different household composition generated using the 2014–2015 UK Time Use Survey data and optimisation of energy consumption per activity against the smart meter data. The distributional effects of ToU tariffs are obtained for customer segmentation and socio-demographic groups, and presented in terms of peak to off-peak ratios and impacts on the synthetic demand profiles. Findings on the distributional effects of ToU tariffs reveal regional differences (e.g. positive effects for high income groups in London) and household composition similarities (e.g. positive effects for households with children not in the high-income group).
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| 2 |
ID:
186825
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| Summary/Abstract |
Despite a growing acceptance of egalitarian gender attitudes, there is no empirical evidence about the division of roles between wives and husbands and its variation across their family life in the Islamic Republic of Iran (IRI). This paper uses data from the 2014 to 2015 Time Use Survey, representing urban areas of the IRI, to examine the dynamics of the spouses’ division of roles across their family life. The findings confirm a gender division of roles. The mapping of the spouses’ role behaviours during their family life provides a combination of gender similarities and differences. Role configurations (or role variations across family life) clearly differ between spouses but the pathways (or life-course variations in role behaviours) are quite similar in some roles (i.e., community, individual and parental roles) and different in others (i.e., occupational and domestic roles). To the extent that the existing gender patterns are perceived as unjustified, they can be consequential not only for marital satisfaction and quality, but also for marriage and childbearing decisions.
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| 3 |
ID:
188553
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| Summary/Abstract |
Time of Use (ToU) tariffs that aim to shift people’s energy use away from peaks have been key demand-side management measures. Yet, their effectiveness has often been below expectations. In this paper we empirically test arguments based on social practice theory that this underperformance is not the result of people making ill-informed or economically questionable decisions but reflects the complexities of social synchronization. Using sequence-network analysis, we visualize and comparatively analyze time-use data from the US and China to capture everyday temporalities of a particular time-inflexible group – child caregivers. Findings show that timing and sequencing of peak activities for caregivers in both countries were largely structured by institutional and family rhythms, though with considerable differences in extent and timing of influences due to diverging childcare cultures. The necessity to follow these rhythms leaves caregivers little room to adjust their peak activities to ToU tariffs, turning this well-intended measure into an inequitable financial burden on the group. We argue that policymakers should deploy time-varying tariffs in ways that align with everyday temporalities of population groups. Cutting critical and daily peaks in ways that work with people’s temporal (in)flexibilities in everyday practices could be a key to the effectiveness of energy measures.
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