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| 1 |
ID:
180716
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| Summary/Abstract |
COOPERATION is an essential tool for strengthening any country's position in the international arena, as well as for maintaining its political, economic and social stability.
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| 2 |
ID:
180719
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| Summary/Abstract |
LATE IN DECEMBER 1979, the Soviet Union moved troops into Afghanistan. The nearly decade-long presence of Soviet armed forces in Afghanistan in a bid to help the People's Democratic Party (PDPA) put its Utopian dream of building Soviet-modeled socialism into reality was a complicated and controversial period not only in Afghan but also in our own history, and it still receives mixed assessments.
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| 3 |
ID:
180702
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THE FIVE MEMBER COUNTRIES of BRICS - Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa - possess significant economic resources and are significant political actors. On January 1, 2020, BRICS' rotating one-year chairmanship passed over to Russia. The motto of the Russian chairmanship is "BRICS Strategic Partnership for Global Stability, Shared Security and Innovative Growth." But the business cultures of the five countries seriously differ from one another, and it is essential to launch discussions to prevent these differences from causing misunderstandings and consequent conflicts.
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| 4 |
ID:
180695
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| Summary/Abstract |
SEEKING TO ENSURE their national interests, states have traditionally taken advantage of opportunities offered by what is known as intelligence diplomacy, involving official bilateral or multilateral collaboration between foreign intelligence services.
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| 5 |
ID:
180704
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THE RESULTS of the 2020 U.S. presidential elections represent the exact opposite of the outcome hoped for both in the United States and beyond. Rather than shed light on the future of America, its people and its policies, the elections of November 3 effectively plunged the "land of the free" into a chaos of existential uncertainty, deprived Americans of confidence in the future and inflamed the hostility of opposing political forces to the limit.
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| 6 |
ID:
180706
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MANY ARE FAMILIAR with the thesis "As socialism is built, class struggle intensifies." Indeed, as the Bolsheviks were moving toward their goal and the foundations of the state in its economic fabric, in the customs and habits of the people, in the nature of social structures were not changing fast enough, class struggle inevitably intensified, which enabled the Father of Peoples to lay the ideological basis for accelerating the repression machine.
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| 7 |
ID:
180714
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| Summary/Abstract |
ON OCTOBER 7, 2020, under Russia's rotating presidency of the Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO), a roundtable titled "CSTO: Strategic Development Guidelines" was held at the Russian Foreign Ministry Reception House, timed to coincide with CSTO Founding Day.
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| 8 |
ID:
180696
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THE CONFLICT between the United States and the People's Republic of China is increasingly taking on a systemic and, in a certain historical perspective, irreversible character. It unfolds not only in the economic, geopolitical, military, technological, and humanitarian dimensions of the bilateral relations, but also in the civilizational dimension. In addition to forming a storyline for Hollywood blockbusters, the hatred of everything Chinese in the United States, currently still focused on the "red-Chinese," also actively penetrates the university milieu. With a little help from Donald Trump's political strategists, the COVID-19 pandemic, which has affected almost every state, has become a "China virus."
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| 9 |
ID:
180715
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DIPLOMATIC RELATIONS between Greece and Russia are 192 years old. But long before they were established, our countries were connected by strong bonds based on shared cultural and spiritual traditions, as well as on their shared history. Those who have been in the Kremlin and had an opportunity to see the fantastic frescos and paintings there know that these relations go back to the Byzantine era and the inception of Russian ethnicity. During the period of Ottoman yoke, many Greeks found refuge in co-religionist Russia, where they settled down and did well in commerce, arts and education. Others proved their worth in serving the Russian state in very high positions of authority.
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| 10 |
ID:
180711
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE YEAR 2020 saw the most serious world emergency in recent history. Almost certainly, there had never before been a crisis that affected all countries without exception, regardless of their geographical location, political and social system, economic development level, and social characteristics. Protecting the population of their country practically simultaneously became the paramount task for all governments.
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| 11 |
ID:
180717
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| Summary/Abstract |
NOVEMBER 28, 2020 was the 130th birthday of Karim Khakimov, a Soviet diplomat who has played a major and still underestimated role in enabling the USSR to gain a foothold in the Middle East. Khakimov developed methods and principles for our diplomats to follow in that restive region that remain useful today. In fact, it is only today, nearly a century after this extraordinary person was put in the forefront of Soviet foreign policy, that we are beginning to see the entire importance of his legacy.
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| 12 |
ID:
180701
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| Summary/Abstract |
ISSUES concerning global climate change - by objective criteria, one of the most serious environmental threats of our time - have for many years been filling the top slots of the international agenda, and the political temperature of debates on this topic remains at the highest degree.
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| 13 |
ID:
180708
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IN 2015, a collection of articles was published in Latvia on two paramount issues - money and power.1 The articles are about money one wants to get from someone else in order to remain in power. It wasn't the first book of this kind, nor, of course, the last one. But it wasn't an ordinary book - it had been prepared for an important occasion. In December 2015, the justice ministers of Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia signed a declaration setting out a plan to calculate damages supposedly inflicted on the three countries by the USSR, demand that Russia pay them compensation, and make assessments of Soviet crimes from an international point of view.
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| 14 |
ID:
180705
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| Summary/Abstract |
ON DECEMBER 28, 2019, the Russian president established a new division in the Foreign Ministry, the Department of International Information Security (DMIB). This showed special attention paid by the Russian leadership to the whole spectrum of issues brought into being by information and communication technologies (ICTs) and aimed to ensure prompt and effective diplomatic reactions to challenges and threats arising in information space.
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| 15 |
ID:
180718
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| Summary/Abstract |
EVEN minus 30 degrees Celsius is quite tolerable here. The snow crunches invigoratingly, the lungs are filled with crystal clear air. This is because we are talking about an amazing place described by the formula "55/55" - the point where 55 degrees north latitude intersects 55 degrees east longitude. This place is deep in Eurasia and, accordingly, has the classic continental climate. The air is dry; there is no wind. That is why it is easy to breathe here in winter, even during the coldest weather. In summer, on the contrary, the air is so sultry that the Bashkir village of Kushnarenkovo (where our story unfolds) boasts one of the northernmost vineyards on our planet.
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| 16 |
ID:
180698
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THERE ARE CONCERNS in European countries about the possibility of recurrence of the 2015-2016 migration crisis in the near future. Doubts about the readiness of the European Union to resist a new wave of refugees from crisis regions and ensure protection of the bloc's external borders are confirmed by statistical data. At the end of 2019, Turkey, the EU's southern neighbor, experienced an increase in migration pressure when the total number of Syrian refugees in the country reached almost 3.7 million. The intensification of fighting in Idlib province in early 2020 contributed to the escalation of Erdogan's rhetoric; he has repeatedly called to stop deterring the increasing numbers of Syrian migrants from entering the European Union. As a result of the unilateral opening of the Turkish border with Greece at the end of February (it was closed on March 18 due to the threat of the spread of coronavirus), about 20,000 illegal migrants accumulated on the border. Many of them are not Syrian refugees fleeing the war but nationals of other states. For quite a lot of Afghans and Iraqis, Turkey is a transit country on their way to Europe. According to political analysts, Ankara's actions can be regarded as an instrument of pressure applied on Brussels in order to gain additional financial and political benefits over and above the EU-Turkey deal of 2016.
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| 17 |
ID:
180710
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| Summary/Abstract |
SINCE Donald Trump took office, U.S. pressure on Venezuela has only been growing. Washington is using a vast arsenal of tools to overthrow the legally elected leadership of a sovereign state, stopping short only of direct intervention with massive deployment of U.S. armed forces and those of their allies. Chavistas are holding onto power despite enormous pressure that includes systematic and targeted economic sanctions, the recognition of Juan Guaidó as president (political pressure by way of initiating a "color revolution"), the provoking of mass desertions from the army, and attempts at recruiting agents of influence from within Maduro's circle with the goal of pitting them against each other and weakening them. The attempt to directly eliminate the Venezuelan leader in defiance of all norms of international law is the latest addition to this arsenal.
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| 18 |
ID:
180713
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| 19 |
ID:
180720
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| Summary/Abstract |
I SPENT much of my childhood in Ukraine. The son of an army officer, I moved from garrison to garrison due to my father's promotions. Each time, I had to adjust to a new group of children, and that wasn't always a smooth process. It was one thing if you were put in, say, a fifth-grade class that consisted of boys and girls of the same age from the entire garrison. Everyone would be glad a new kid had joined the class and friendships were normally quick to develop. But what was happening outside school was a different story: kids of all ages would come together in outdoor spaces and form a group with its own established rules and leaders. That was a milieu you needed some effort to adjust to. You had to go through various trials to win the right to be accepted by the gang as one of their own. But if you were accepted as such, you were one hundred percent safe. The gang would never have betrayed you and would always have protected and taken care of you.
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| 20 |
ID:
180709
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE CONCEPT of blue economy serves as the basis for the transition to sustainable development in the marine sector. There is no universally accepted definition of this concept, but it is practically equated with marine (ocean) economy. Meanwhile, many definitions of marine economy (EU, the U.S., UK, China, South Korea, etc. [1: 141]) generally establish criteria for categorizing activities as maritime. One thing they have in common is the function of the term, which arises from the implementation of novel approaches to ocean management and governance aimed at sustainable use and conservation of ocean resources. Thus, while the word "marine" (ocean) indicates the sector of the economy (marine economy), the word "blue" defines the principles and mechanisms of its development and management.
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