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| 1 |
ID:
181850
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| Summary/Abstract |
Do Chinese nongovernmental organizations (NGOs) conduct policy advocacy? If so, how are they shaped by the state power? Following the Tocquevillian perspective of the state, we use an institutional analytical framework and disaggregate China's political institutions into three levels. We then investigate how Chinese NGOs' advocacy strategies are shaped and constrained at each level. Using the survey data from three provinces, we find that Chinese NGOs prefer political advocacy to social advocacy, though both are limited. They target government branches and advocate policies through supervisory units more frequently than the legislature or judiciary. We also find that NGOs' operational organizational autonomy is negatively associated with the likelihood that NGOs would engage in all types of advocacy channels. These findings suggest that, on one hand, state power substantially shapes NGOs' policy advocacy channels. On the other hand, NGOs' policy advocacy strengthens state capacity without reducing state autonomy.
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| 2 |
ID:
185004
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| Summary/Abstract |
Urbanization in China is a progressive process that is rapid in speed, massive in scale, multiple in pathways, and unique in the institutional scheme. The country’s urban population includes heterogeneous groups of temporary migrants, merit-based converters, policy-based converters, and urban natives, depending upon their respective hukou status and hukou conversion. In this study, we used pooled cross-sectional data from four waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2010, 2012, 20132015) to examine variations in household composition across different groups of urban residents. Our sample included married respondents aged 18–59 years (N = 26,930), with rural non-migratory residents serving as the reference group. Logistic regression results revealed that (1) policy-based converters presented no notable changes in patrilocality and matrilocality; (2) temporary migrants and merit-based migrants had lower odds of patrilocality but showed no differences in the likelihood of matrilocality; and (3) urban natives had a lower likelihood of patrilocality and a slightly higher probability of matrilocality. These findings indicate that urban groups of varying hukou-status experienced asymmetric deviations from traditional extended households. These shifts reflect a landscape of gradient individualization of the urban family composition in transitional China.
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