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ID: 187482

Constructing a realistic explanation of Turkish – US relations / Martin, Lenore

Martin, Lenore	Journal Article
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U.S. support for the Syrian-Kurdish forces aligned with the PKK; U.S. declining to extradite Fethullah Gülen; Turkey’s purchase of the Russian S-400 missile defense system; and Turkey’s aggressive interference with natural gas exploration in the Mediterranean are four issues that have roiled U.S.-Turkish relations. This paper examines neorealist and constructivist explanations for these issues and determines that they provide a less than complete understanding of this troubled relationship. The paper then turns to middle level alliance theory and domestic factors favored by neoclassical realism to fill in the explanatory gaps.

Key Words

Neorealism ; Turkish Foreign Policy ; S-400 ; US-Turkey Relations ; Constructivsm

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ID: 186357

Procuring S-400: Changing Dynamics of Foreign Relations / Tokas, Richa

Tokas, Richa	Journal Article
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Despite looming threats of US sanctions, India has received the first of five S-400 air defence weapon systems from Russia. It will be interesting to see how this deal will affect India’s relationship with the US. Will the US impose sanctions as it has done on other countries dealing with Russia or will it choose to spare India, looking at the balance of power in the South Asian region and counter China’s increasing hegemony in the region? The US so far remains non-committal on whether it will waive sanctions on India under CAATSA. Moreover, will India’s affinity towards Russia result in stronger Indo-Russian relations than they have been in the past decade? This commentary will try and analyse India’s, US’, and Russia’s stand along with their reasoning behind taking that stand. It will also touch upon the relationship dynamics of all these countries with China and how this dynamic will have a significant impact in South Asia.

Key Words

S-400

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ID: 181875

Russia’s scalable soft power: leveraging defense diplomacy through the transfer of S-400 triumph / Arduino, Alessandro; Shuja, Asif

Shuja, Asif	Journal Article
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Military hardware and technology transfer is increasingly becoming a crucial factor in international relations. This is especially so when the military hardware transfer involves sophisticated weapon's platforms that need specialised training and maintenance, resulting in a long-term relationship that strengthens the geopolitical relationship between the contracting parties. Driven by the re-emergence of great power rivalry, the S-400 Triumph air defence missile system deployment appears to be fast becoming a core component of Russia's military diplomacy. The agreed S-400 export contracts include Turkey, China and India with a long list of interested Middle Eastern countries. The transfer of S-400 well encompasses all the dimensions of the Russian defense diplomacy and could be considered as a primary example of scalable soft power, as it underlines the evolving pattern of high-technology arms transfers that is going to be constant in an increasingly complex multilateral world.

Key Words

Patriot ; Iron Dome ; Defense Military Diplomacy ; S-400 ; Scalable Soft Power ; Russia-Arms Transfer

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