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WINKLER, CAROL (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   183907


Definitions matter: a comparison of the global terrorism database and the U.S. governmental reports of terrorist incidents in Western Europe, 2002-2016 / Kaczkowski, Wojciech; Lokmanoglu, Ayse; Winkler, Carol   Journal Article
Winkler, Carol Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Definitional assumptions within and across terrorism databases cause variations in terrorist incidents that can have impactful implications for time-series analyses. This study compares 2002–2016 Western Europe attacks recorded by the open source media Global Terrorism Database (GTD) and US governmental reports, Country Reports on Terrorism (formerly Patterns of Global Terrorism). The findings indicate significant differences exist between the GTD and US governmental reports related to location, type, perpetrators, and target of attacks.
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2
ID:   183015


Dynamic/Static Image Use in ISIS’s Media Campaign: an Audience Involvement Strategy for Achieving Goals / Winkler, Carol   Journal Article
Winkler, Carol Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The rebound of ISIS in the online environment in the aftermath of the coalition force liberation of Mosul and Raqqa has reinvigorated the need to understand the strategic choices of the group’s media campaign. This study explores ISIS’s use of dynamic vs. static imagery, with a particular focus on how the image form helps facilitate the group’s goals. Experimental studies document that the use of dynamic imagery heightens viewer attention, recall, and reaction to visual content, while fMRI studies add that audiences process dynamic still images as imagined movements. Using a content analysis of 3745 images in Dabiq, Rumiyah, and al-Naba’ from July 2014 to September 2018, we found that ISIS relies heavily on dynamic imagery in its print media campaign. The deployment of the visual strategy, however, displays significant variation based on the language of the target audience, the primary message content displayed in the photographs, and level of military force opposition the group is facing when it disseminates magazines and newsletters.
Key Words Terrorism  Visual Images  ISIS  Dynamic Images  Static Images  Audience Targeting 
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