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| 1 |
ID:
188327
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| Summary/Abstract |
Badr has become a key Shia socio-political-armed organisation in Iraq and has revamped its political and organisational structure. Previously, it was an Iran based and designed Iraqi Shia opposition force, the armed wing of the Supreme Council for the Islamic Revolution in Iraq. Post-2003 it transformed into an incohesive political organisation with an armed wing and engaged in electoral politics. Badr has influenced the state’s apparatus and played a key role in the Popular Mobilisation Forces’ campaign against the Islamic State in Iraq. Primary resources, including interviews, Badr’s media and platforms and publications explain Badr’s approaches and decentralised structure.
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| 2 |
ID:
191533
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| Summary/Abstract |
The article employs collective action framing theory to explore Egyptian violent Islamist group Ansar Bayt al-Maqdis’s (ABM’s) frames, which altered when it became Islamic State’s Sinai Province (IS-SP), Wilayat Sinai (WS). Using data from 40 videos and audio recordings released by the group in all three of its forms (al-Tawhid Wal-Jihad/TWJ, ABM, and WS), along with additional material disseminated by Islamic State Central, the article identifies transformations in the group’s frames in response to changes in the political environment and need for external support. When ABM became WS, it mimicked IS’s aggressive and transnational approach to framing and tactics.
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| 3 |
ID:
183189
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| Summary/Abstract |
The National Islamic Alliance (NIA) has evolved as a leading Shia Kuwaiti political group since the 1980s. The NIA participates in electoral politics and Kuwaiti cabinets. While its roots go back to Shia activists in Kuwait, some of whom were linked to Iraq's Islamic Da'wa Party in the end of the 1960s, it is a pragmatic and Kuwaiti nationalist group. The article argues that the NIA shifted from being an active opposition group in the 1990s to a pro-ruling family and government group in 2008. The NIA's transformation was partly a response to the rise of sectarian politics in Kuwait and the opposition's resentment of the NIA's mourning of Imad Mughniyeh, a Lebanese Hezbollah leader. The article includes first-hand and secondary resources, including interviews and the NIA's figures' public statements to unpack the NIA's foundation, structure and changing relationship with the ruling family as well as its political engagement and positions on the Kuwaiti protest movement (2011–2013).
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