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| 1 |
ID:
183640
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| Summary/Abstract |
During the last decade Shandong experienced a phenomenal boom in the production of low-speed electrical vehicles (LSEVs), but few scholars have paid attention to its emergence and success. This article proposes an agile production innovation (API) framework for understanding how various factors shape the market order and technological trajectories in the industry. The API can avoid the boom peak in the regular innovation cycle and pursue a market position via an alternative pace. It identifies elements including agility in products, openness, targeting marginal markets, and flexible regulations that determine how the LSEV firms strategically and responsively react to the dynamics of technological and market changes. This proposed framework sheds light on China's specific business and industrial development paradigm in the emerging fields that lack formal rules and regulations.
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| 2 |
ID:
183646
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the post–Opium War development of Xiamen after it was opened as a treaty port. While the British had hoped to use Xiamen as the beachhead for their economic advancement into China, foreign trade through the port failed to take off. Yet by the 1930s, Xiamen was one of the most prosperous and modern cities in China. What drove Xiamen to prosperity was not foreign trade or industrialization; rather, it was its evolvement into the preeminent migration hub of Fujian province. This article argues that migration itself was a big business and there was money to be made at every step of the migration process. Individuals and businesses congregated in Xiamen to help move people, which in turn enhanced its business environment. Many emigrants thus returned to reside and invest in Xiamen instead of bringing their money back to their home villages. Their business decisions helped accelerate the urbanization and modernization of the port city in the early 20th century, and overseas Chinese continue to influence the fortune of Xiamen today.
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| 3 |
ID:
183641
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The Chinese Communist Party (CCP) regime has enhanced the sharing of information between government departments through "cloud governance" using big data. Local governments have set up big data bureaus, which have created government data-sharing platforms to solve the problem of "data islands" with limited external connectivity. We use the case of COVID-19 containment and crisis management to examine how local governments in China use cloud governance to deal with special tasks, such as the maintenance of social stability, disease prevention and control, and economic recovery. We argue that the CCP's emphasis on cloud governance is part of its effort to learn new technologies in order to consolidate its rule.
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| 4 |
ID:
183637
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| Summary/Abstract |
Advanced semiconductors and telecommunication technologies are both critical high-tech industries for China's success in indigenous innovation, defined as the process of improving upon technologies learned abroad and generating sophisticated technologies indigenously. Leading Chinese companies in both industries, including Huawei in telecom equipment and Semiconductor Manufacturing International Corporation (SMIC) in semiconductor fabrication, have been thrust into geopolitics because of their success as innovative enterprises. Examining Huawei and SMIC's processes of indigenous innovation in the historical context of government policies and industry development paths, this article argues that strategic innovation investment and sustained organizational learning in innovative enterprise, enabled by autonomy in decision making, are the key to successes in indigenous innovation. This industry study may have implications for the developing countries in rethinking and adjusting their policy practices and theories of innovation transition.
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| 5 |
ID:
183644
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This article examines four Southeast Asian cases of the "going out" of China's universities, or what is termed as jingwai banxue in China. It examines their background and rationale, their academic programs and curricula arrangements, and their overall significance to both China and the hosting countries. Three major themes guide this article: transnational knowledge transfer, soft power, and sharp power. The findings suggest that jingwai banxue is a diverse and de-centralized phenomenon, with Beijing playing only a limited role. It shows that the range of transnational knowledge transfer through jingwai banxue varies among different projects. It illustrates that these projects both generate and leverage China's soft power and are intrinsically tied to China's economic importance to the hosting countries. Finally, it argues against the "sharp power" interpretation.
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| 6 |
ID:
183643
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Accompanying the rapid global expansion of China's Confucius Institutes (CIs) is a growing chorus of criticisms over its underlying intentions and influences. Meanwhile, some scholars argue that these criticisms and suspicions over CIs lack substantial evidence. In turn, the diversity of views on the intentions and outcomes of CIs leads to a new problematization of CIs: it directs more attention to the actual implementations and localization processes of these educational institutions. However, research on the topic is limited by a reliance on Western case studies. There is also a lack of analysis on the correlation between the localization of a CI and its soft power capabilities. As such, this article aims to address two research questions. First, what is the extent and degree of localization at CI-NTU? Second, how does localization affect CI-NTU's actual influence and capability to promote Chinese language and culture learning and soft power? To answer these questions, this article adopts qualitative research methods that include reviewing teaching materials and interviewing 15 participants of CI-NTU. Based on my research findings, I find that localization is significant at CI-NTU and has helped it optimize performance and stay credible. But it exerts little direct influence on the institute's soft power projection. I also point to the disaggregation of soft power projection and cultural identity reconstruction by overseas Chinese to highlight the agency and importance of local actors in the CI program.
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| 7 |
ID:
183647
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During the 2019 Anti-Extradition Law Amendment Bill (Anti-ELAB) movement, parents generally supported government efforts to maintain order while their adult children allied themselves with the protesters. Conventional literature on social movements—particularly for Hong Kong—tends to focus on macropolitical aspects such as the causes of the social movement, evolutionary processes, and macro-political structures. This article suggests that "practices of intimacy" can supplant hierarchical power relations in the family, enabling both parents and children to resolve problems of intergenerational conflict. By analyzing the results of 63 in-depth interviews and three focus groups between the parents and young adult children, this article identifies the stresses in family relationships and then highlights ways to relieve them through the lens of restored intimacy. This research may offer clues for Hong Kong policy makers to reestablish social cohesion.
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| 8 |
ID:
183638
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Biologics are one of the fastest growing fields in the biomedical industry. Producing these innovative drugs has proven both technologically and politically challenging, however. Traditional strategies of technological catch-up employed by East Asian countries have remained remarkably ineffective at catalyzing their biotechnological development. Consequently, biopharmaceutical innovation has historically been concentrated in the hands of a few developed countries. After decades of stagnation, China's biopharmaceutical industry began experiencing marked growth in the 2010s. This article analyzes the institutional evolution of China's biopharmaceutical industry from the early market reform era to 2020 to explain the roots of China's surge in biological innovation. Specifically, we argue that biopharmaceutical innovation is highly dependent not only on scientific capacity and the existence of academia-industry ties, but also on the presence of regulatory regimes that are harmonized with global standards and capable of incentivizing innovation while protecting patients' needs. Consequently, our findings contrast with the previous research drawing on India's experience to argue that intellectual property regime harmonization damages domestic innovation capacity. Ultimately, this study suggests that biopharmaceuticals may present a unique window of opportunity for latecomers to biotechnology and offers lessons on fostering science-based high-tech innovation for developing countries.
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| 9 |
ID:
183639
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After experiencing rounds of massive reform, state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are still key players in the Chinese economy. While outsiders have observed the remarkable innovation achievements in sectors that SOEs dominated, little is known about the role of SOEs in China's national innovation system. In this article, we follow an evolutionary approach and employ the Theory of Innovative Enterprise to investigate the changes in the role of SOEs in China's national innovation system, using a case study on high-speed railways to explain how the industrial decentralization reforms have restructured the ties of SOEs to government, research institutions, and suppliers, and the conditions for them to be innovative enterprises.
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| 10 |
ID:
183645
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article challenges the dualistic perspective of power politics in traditional Cold War studies. It focuses on the reshaping of maritime boundaries of contemporary China and the subsequent changes in fishermen/women's everyday lives in the process of the localization of the Cold War. In Xiamen, the geospatial politicization of the Taiwan Strait led to the birth of a distinguished Cold War front, which was both a fishing ground and a battlefield. Using a combination of traditional textual sources and ethnographic-style fieldwork, this research refers to what communism meant to fishing people by focusing on how they strategically constructed and transformed their livelihood, cultural, military, and political identities in the Cold War. This article discovers that the reasons why fishermen/women could cross multiple boundaries stemmed from the control and utilization of their mobility by the socialist state. Meanwhile, fishermen/women were also flexibly using their maritime mobility, ocean experience, and survival logic to adapt to the socialist transformation, internalizing their adherence to the communist camp in daily life. For both the CPC government and ordinary fishermen/women, they not only participated and practiced the Cold War but also redefined the Cold War due to their actual actions, representing rich and diverse meanings of the Cold War across the boundaries of contemporary China.
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| 11 |
ID:
183642
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| Summary/Abstract |
This analytical essay addresses the rise of Chinese think tanks in recent years. Despite their rapid growth, think tanks in China are generally shown to be becoming less effective in their normal functions and increasingly bureaucratic and dysfunctional. This essay adopts the concept of involution as its organizing framework. It argues that due to political and ideological impediments, Chinese think tanks are encumbered by institutional involution, a process of increasing in number and yet becoming more internally complicated. It asserts that the rise of Chinese think tanks provides minor yet telling evidence of involution within China's current governance system. The essay concludes by highlighting that this phenomenon is not unusual, but rather a pervasive and natural outcome of the Chinese post-socialist regime.
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| 12 |
ID:
183636
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| Summary/Abstract |
In a volatile geopolitical environment and evolving national policy, the Chinese system of industrial innovation is going through a period of profound change. The success of Chinese industrial corporations in responding to these changes through investment in innovation will have far-reaching implications for the future of China and the world. Based on studies of five industries, including telecom-equipment, semiconductors, biopharmaceuticals, high-speed railways, and low-speed electric vehicles, the papers in this special section explore the landscape of Chinese industrial innovation in terms of the sources, directions, and models of innovation. We then consider the policy implications for transforming China's industrial innovation in this new era, with a view toward achieving "common prosperity."
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