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| 1 |
ID:
183930
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| Summary/Abstract |
After the brutal killing of George Floyd sparked antiracism protests worldwide, Black youth organized protests in West Papua, Indonesia’s marginalized and easternmost region. In 2019, Papuans protested against entrenched racism in Indonesian society, when Papuan students in Java were subjected to racist epithets. Since then, Papuans have used the hashtag #Papuanlivesmatter to articulate their connection with broader antiracism protests across the world and bring the Papuan experience to #BlackLivesMatter movements. While global Black political movements have long shaped Papuan identities, the new Papuan Lives Matter movement shows how digital media have played an influential role in the spread of antiracism protests and how Blackness has been understood and articulated, not only in relation to white supremacy but also to postcolonial claims of multiculturalism in Asian societies. This article discusses the specific context in which protests under Papuan Lives Matter emerged and its relationship with the global Black Lives Matter movements. This article also explores the idea of Blackness in West Papua that stems not only from the influence of and conversation with American Black political movements and African liberation movements but also lived experience as a Black people under Indonesian occupation.
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| 2 |
ID:
183934
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Zhou Libo’s Baofeng zhouyu (Hurricane) and Ding Ling’s Taiyang zhao zai Sangganhe shang (The Sun Shines Over the Sanggan River), both written in 1948 and dual recipients of the Stalin Prize for Literature in 1951, were largely based on the authors’ own participation in the land reform movements of the Civil War. As socialist realist texts formulated through the ethnographic experiences of their authors – observation, fieldnotes, and first-hand accounts – these novels feature a geopoetics in which a new nation is constructed through the restructuring of its physical spaces. I analyze the land reform novels through their authors’ twin methods of knowledge production: an ethnographic approach to reconstructing the reality of land reform campaigns (the ethnographer) and the theoretical underpinnings of socialist realism as a narrative explication of the policy’s necessity (the cadre). The cadre ethnographer was an author who sought both to obtain knowledge and to effect a transformation of his object of study, a tension which in fact facilitated an embodied philosophy of history. As both inventor and chronicler, the cadre ethnographer reconciled the two halves of “socialist” “realism,” producing the method by which Maoist communism theorized its own historiographic authority as a narrative of socio-cultural transformation.
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| 3 |
ID:
183935
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While studies on local labor activism in Indonesia have blossomed in recent years, they rarely look at the role played by informal politics. Using a case study at the grassroots level in Makassar that focuses on industrial relations, we look to start filling this gap. We explore how labor activism in industrial situations, such as factory strikes and protests, has evolved under informal political circumstances. We find that these relations are dominant and highly significant for influencing labor activism at the local level. Moreover, we find the emergence of informal politics is mainly influenced by the fragmentation of labor unions, the personalism of labor leadership, and the pragmatism of union officials and workers. All of these tend to trigger informal political participation, such as brokerage, illegality, and kinship, that can overshadow local labor activism in factories. We conclude with a discussion of how the influence of informal politics has weakened labor activism at the local level and ways to distinguish the patterns, characteristics, and vulnerabilities of workers in industrial relations.
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| 4 |
ID:
183933
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This paper studies the Korean War from an environmental perspective. The paper examines the political background that aggravated environmental damage and the ways in which hydro-warfare, ecological warfare, and epidemics are interconnected. By focusing on environmental destruction during the Korean War, this research questions the view of post-1950s industrialization and urbanization as the main sources of environmental crisis on the Korean Peninsula. The paper examines some of the major wartime disasters, such as the destruction of hydroelectric and irrigation dams and epidemic outbreaks. Special attention is given to the impact of aerial bombing, which not only resulted in the deaths of millions, but also created a chain effect of environmental destruction, population displacement, flooding, famine, and epidemic outbreaks. In revisiting them, it conclusively looks at the impact that military activities have on the environment and how the Korean War foreshadowed the rise of environmental warfare during the Cold War.
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| 5 |
ID:
183931
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| Summary/Abstract |
Drawing on field research across four years, this article examines a climate change adaptation project in the Cambodian highlands. It examines the logic and rationality of making vulnerable groups resilient in the context of climate change. It shows how adaption projects tend to understand vulnerability as the result of a series of external threats that arise due to global climate change and are expressed primarily as lost income. Using the example of Knaing village in Mondolkiri province this article shows that when it comes to vulnerability, it is often unhelpful to separate between capitalist relations, state territorialization and climate change. Economic, political, and cultural relations that people in the village find themselves imbedded in are co-produced through the interaction of climatic forces, the expansion of capitalist relations and state territorialization. This article thus tries to sketch out a conception of vulnerability based on villager’s changing agricultural practices and livelihood trajectories in the context of the expansion of Economic Land Concessions, logging of surrounding forests, and settlement of adjacent lands and state conservation efforts.
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| 6 |
ID:
183932
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper investigates the relationship between the state and Islam in Malaysia under the previous Barisan Nasional (BN) regime, focusing on the role of the ulama (Islamic religious scholars). Interactions between the ulama and the state redefine, or have the potential to do so, the contours of both the state and Islam. Drawing upon the concept of political opportunities, the paper argues that the more liberating the political opportunities are for the ulama, the more the state has to acquiesce to their demands, and thus, the ulama’s understandings of Islam. In Malaysia, wide political opportunity structures enable the ulama to drive rising conservatism, both with regard to the state and Malaysian society. The process of defining Islam is not static, as the case of Malaysia demonstrates, since the ulama adjust the definitions of Islamic concepts based on socio-political conditions. This study is situated within the literature on state-society relations, and Islam in politics.
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