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| 1 |
ID:
184030
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| Summary/Abstract |
In 2020 and 2021, the global tourism sector underwent profound transformations. Global lockdowns, border closures, and restrictions on the movement of citizens led to a recession in the tourism industry and to long-term negative consequences for the global economy. The pandemic highlighted the vulnerability of the sector, insufficient government support, excessive fragmentation, and the lack of experience in effectively dealing with new risks and threats.
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| 2 |
ID:
184031
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| Summary/Abstract |
China's 7th National Population Census (2020) was carried out in the recent years of the "new urbanization" state program. The successful management of the entire complex of urbanization processes is becoming an important social and political task. Improving the living standards and social security of migrants is an important component of reducing inequality and developing human capital. Census data show that the program helped the government not only maintain an increase in the number of urban dwellers but also improve the quality of the process. The share of urban dwellers in the Chinese population increased from 54.3% in 2014 to 61.4% in 2020; the number of cities larger than 5 million inhabitants reached 21. The government lifted restrictions on obtaining permanent registration in cities with less than 3 million inhabitants and issued more than 100 million intermediate type registration documents (juzhuzheng). Transparent and unified point-quota registration rules have been introduced in large cities, which usually rank applicants according to their age, education, length of residence, tax history, and other parameters. Those measures have made it possible to expand the coverage of rural and nonresident migrants and their children under the social protection system. At the same time, contrary to the program's guidelines, the population of the megapolises has continued to grow rapidly, and significant interregional and intraregional imbalances have remained acute.
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| 3 |
ID:
184033
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This paper analyzes the relationships between the Chinese and US stock markets, concluding that there is an indirect psychological link between the two. It looks at issues related to Chinese companies' future prospects on US stock exchanges and the risks of getting delisted as Chinese-American relations become seriously aggravated and the US Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) acts vigorously to toughen requirements for auditing, financial accounting, and information disclosure by foreign companies registered on US exchanges. The author describes the process of forming a new regulatory framework for delisting Chinese companies whose basic element was the passing of the Holding Financial Companies Accountable Act (HFCAA). The paper analyzes the IPO scheme of variable interest entities (VIE) that Chinese companies use abroad, and also identifies the risks involved. The author also analyzes the competitive potential of national stock exchanges in terms of attracting Chinese IPOs, and draws conclusions about much stricter requirements and lengthier procedures on Chinese exchanges in comparison with American ones.
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| 4 |
ID:
184036
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article is devoted to the conflict over the Chinese Eastern Railway in the works of Soviet Orientalists who lived at the time of the events. The conflict over the CER is called the Soviet-Chinese controversy around the Chinese Eastern Railway, which manifested itself in 1924. The chronological framework is defined by the history of the conflict that lasted from the second half of the 1920s until the early 1930s. Already at the end of 1924, the first collision between the Soviet and Chinese sides of the railway took place. In early 1926, the conflict over the CER worsened, and in 1929, it turned into a military confrontation between the parties. The conflict received little attention in Soviet literature in the 1920s and 1930s. The reason for increasing public and expert interest in the situation concerning the CER was the sharp escalation of the conflict and the military events of 1929. Already in 1929, pamphlets describing the military conflict were being published in Siberia and detailed materials on this issue appeared in periodicals. The sources for the present study were the publications of contemporaries of the events. We analyze the works of Soviet Orientalists such as B.N. Melnikov, S.A. Dridzo, A.A. Ivanov, G.N. Zarkhin, G.B. Skalov, and V.Ya. Aboltin. In addition, we reviewed other publications by various authors devoted to the Soviet-Chinese conflict
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| 5 |
ID:
184035
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| Summary/Abstract |
Autumn 2021 was hectic for Japanese politics. Elections of new representatives of the Japanese Parliament and anew President of the Liberal Democratic Party (LDP) were to be held. The situation was aggravated by the COVID-19 epidemic and, in connection with that, the declining ratings of the governing party and Prime Minister Yoshihide Suga, which fell to critically low levels. To improve the situation, the LDP had to take extraordinary steps, such as electing a new national leader, changing the party's leadership, setting up a new government, and holding off-year elections to the lower parliamentary chamber on October 31, with new political ideas and fresh faces in the party's leadership.
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| 6 |
ID:
184029
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article analyzes the approaches of the United States and Japan to international political problems in the Indo-Pacific region at the beginning of the Joe Biden administration in 2021. It also aims to evaluate the perspectives of US-Japan cooperation in key areas. The article analyzes the policies of the United States and Japan toward China. Japan has supported Biden's approach to confront China on a wide range of issues. By actively participating in the US-China confrontation, the government in Tokyo aims to strengthen its position in rivalry with China. However, it will not be easy for Japan to preserve the achievements of the "warm" period in Japan-China relations in 2018-2020 in the economic and humanitarian spheres. The author also analyzes the approaches of the US and Japan to the situation on the Korean Peninsula, including the prospects for cooperation between Tokyo, Washington, and Seoul toward the DPRK. Difficult-to-resolve contradictions between Tokyo and Seoul in the short-term perspective will hinder large-scale cooperation of the parties with Washington. This article also analyzes the perspectives of the concept of "Free and open Indo-Pacific region."
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| 7 |
ID:
184037
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| Summary/Abstract |
A Japanese military intelligence agency has been continuously operating globally since 1871, and Russia has been consistently a major target of it. Following the end of the intervention in 1922, the government of Japan proceeded to improve relations with the USSR, for which reason the intelligence services of the Empire monitored military and economic capacity-building measures and the foreign policy of the Soviet authorities in the Far East, refraining from subversive activities. Soviet national security agencies managed to feed the military intelligence of Japan, the central intelligence body of the Empire, with overstated information about the status of the Red Army. That is why, from 1923 to 1931, Tokyo's military planning with respect to the USSR was defensive in nature.
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| 8 |
ID:
184032
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article offers a detailed study of China's large group of rural children affected by present-day internal labor migration. The author defines key lines of international studies on the effects of labor migration on the mental, physical, and psychological development of the children of migrant workers in China are identified. It is shown that the form of labor migration changing from individuals to couples, and then to entire families, has substantially altered the position of rural children, thus opening new areas of study. There are now more than 100 million children affected by the wave of rural migration in China. Of these, around 70 million continue to live in villages, while more than 35 million have followed their parents into cities. The age at which children move is often between six and 12, due to their entering different grades of public school and numerous aspects of urbanization in China. The considered group of children is neither homogeneous nor static, and a multifaceted approach is needed to study their environment. A number of problems encountered by two subgroups can be identified based on differences in the environments in which a child grows up.
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| 9 |
ID:
184034
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| Summary/Abstract |
The liberation of Korea by the Red Army in August 1945 brought an end to Japanese colonial rule and opened a new page in the history of Korea. However, the circumstances in which Korea met its liberation played a fateful role in developments after the liberation. Division of the country into Soviet and American occupation zones became an essential backdrop for the creation of two different political regimes. Their confrontation eventually led to the devastating Korean War, the consequences of which are still vividly felt today across the 38th parallel.
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| 10 |
ID:
184028
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| Summary/Abstract |
This paper traces changes in US foreign policy approaches to the Indo-Pacific Region (IPR). Interestingly, even as US leaders changed their ways of restructuring the regional subsystem by establishing and maintaining ally relations with certain countries in the region, their objective remained unaltered - namely, security provision in the area with US leadership intact. At the moment, attainment of this goal is hindered by growing Chinese influence in the IPR. The authors focus on discovering criteria that would help assess the current situation in the region and the efficiency of the existing cooperation between the United States and IPR countries within organizations and agreements. The research was based on analyzing the modus operandi of regional players that are parties to agreements with the US and position themselves as US allies. The research criteria were as follows: participation in military exercises, deployment of military bases, defense agreements signed, data exchange in the area of military technologies, presence of nuclear weapons, lack of maritime territorial claims, and participation in navigation operations.
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