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ID:
186622
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| Summary/Abstract |
When family-work balance arouses much attention in the modern world, there is increasing interest to understand how job seekers who need to take care of family members experience discrimination in the labor market. This study explores the gendered effects of family care responsibilities on employment outcomes of job candidates in Hong Kong, in the frameworks of market meritocracy and family moral virtuocracy. The authors adopt a mixed-methods research design and find that fathers and caregivers of ageing parents receive favorable evaluations and treatments in the combining power of market meritocracy and moral virtuocracy; mothers are evaluated as possessing market merits but are not favored in job offers. Sub-group analyses and qualitative data further demonstrate that market meritocracy fails to function for virtuous female caregivers in employment opportunities, largely due to structural and cultural barriers in the labor market, instead of stereotypes as often believed. This fundamental inequality needs to be addressed with policy interventions.
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| 2 |
ID:
185004
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| Summary/Abstract |
Urbanization in China is a progressive process that is rapid in speed, massive in scale, multiple in pathways, and unique in the institutional scheme. The country’s urban population includes heterogeneous groups of temporary migrants, merit-based converters, policy-based converters, and urban natives, depending upon their respective hukou status and hukou conversion. In this study, we used pooled cross-sectional data from four waves of the Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS 2010, 2012, 20132015) to examine variations in household composition across different groups of urban residents. Our sample included married respondents aged 18–59 years (N = 26,930), with rural non-migratory residents serving as the reference group. Logistic regression results revealed that (1) policy-based converters presented no notable changes in patrilocality and matrilocality; (2) temporary migrants and merit-based migrants had lower odds of patrilocality but showed no differences in the likelihood of matrilocality; and (3) urban natives had a lower likelihood of patrilocality and a slightly higher probability of matrilocality. These findings indicate that urban groups of varying hukou-status experienced asymmetric deviations from traditional extended households. These shifts reflect a landscape of gradient individualization of the urban family composition in transitional China.
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