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Srl | Item |
1 |
ID:
185052
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Summary/Abstract |
THE SUCCESSFUL landing of British and American troops in Sicily in the summer of 1943 and the further course of Allied military operations against Nazi Germany and its satellites in the Mediterranean brought major political changes in the region. A coup on July 25, 1943, removed fascist dictator Benito Mussolini, who was replaced with Marshal Pietro Badoglio by order of King Victor Emmanuel III. The new government capitulated to the Allies; it severed all relations with Nazi Germany and on October 13, 1943, declared war on it. That same day, the Anti-Hitler coalition of the Soviet Union, the US, and Great Britain recognized Italy as a cobelligerent.
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2 |
ID:
189183
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Summary/Abstract |
THE NADER dynasty that had ascended the throne of Afghanistan in 1929 was guided by the behests of emir Abdur Rahman Khan, who had fought for international recognition of his country's sovereignty and called on those who shared his views to develop relations with states that had no common border with Afghanistan. In particular, shortly before his death, he wrote: "If concessions to foreigners are recognized as absolutely necessary and wise, these concessions should be given in small parts to the nations whose countries have no common borders with our possessions - for example, the Americans, Germans, Italians, etc. In the same way, if our government needs a great number of specialists, engineers, etc., to my mind, they should be chosen, as I have said, from among the nations mentioned above."1 He was convinced that Afghanistan should base its relations with neighbors on the principles of equidistance.
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