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ID:
188204
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since the mid-2010s, China’s policy toward the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan has shifted away from its traditional contours, where Beijing distanced itself from the dispute and acted as a mere development partner in the Pakistan-controlled territory. Although the much-hyped China–Pakistan Economic Corridor itself did not significantly change the nature of China’s development and economic activities in Pakistan-administered Kashmir, after its launch in 2015, Beijing signaled its willingness to take a mediator role, conducted activities entailing the employment of the PLA in the area, and even nudged Islamabad to take steps that would affect the geographical scope of the Kashmir sovereignty question. Then, in the wake of India’s announcement of the abrogation of Article 370 of the Constitution and the reorganization of the state of Jammu and Kashmir in August 2019, China’s Kashmir policy further drifted away from its traditional line. References to the United Nations Security Council resolutions on Kashmir reemerged in China’s public statements and Beijing took diplomatic actions to support Pakistan’s bid to internationalize the Kashmir issue. As a result, China’s Kashmir policy has been turning into a serious source of friction in Sino–Indian relations.
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| 2 |
ID:
186173
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| Summary/Abstract |
China has been gradually shifting away from its traditional non-interference approach in development initiatives. This is particularly notable in the implementation of the China–Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC), a mega-development scheme that China is advancing in Pakistan. In this case, China’s aid and investment entail extensive interference in Pakistan’s internal affairs, forcing Pakistan to alter policies, regulations, and institutional arrangements over its political and economic governance, along with directly engaging with non-governmental actors in the country. Such acts of interference are largely orientated toward centralizing the decision-making and execution process in Pakistan over the CPEC, thereby facilitating its implementation in a manner profitable for Chinese stakeholders. This approach can be regarded as China’s promotion of autocracy in a ‘pragmatic’ way.
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