| Summary/Abstract |
Pakistan and India began their political journey in different directions after the partition in 1947. With regular elections, India strengthened its democratic process based on civilian supremacy over the security establishment. On the other hand, Pakistan’s political process became hostage to the security establishment that transformed itself into the most powerful state institution and refused to allow continuity of the political process. With regular intervention in politics, it weakened democratic structures throughout Pakistan’s political history. Despite this difference, both countries are currently at the same level where narrowly defined communal-nationalistic ideologies have become a predominant source of maintaining majoritarian power and control.
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