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ID:
188273
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| Summary/Abstract |
From the time of the establishment of the state of Israel in 1948, many Polish Jews emigrated there, seeking shelter in the aftermath of the Holocaust and the circumstances of growing anti-Semitic attitudes. Lucjan Levy/Levi was one such emigrant who left Poland and settled in Israel. He soon joined the Shin Bet counterintelligence service, even as he remained an asset for Polish intelligence, providing Warsaw (and the intelligence services elsewhere in Eastern Europe) with valuable information on Israeli counterintelligence activity. Now, drawing on recently declassified documents, the author reconstructs Levy’s intelligence performance while also examining his espionage career within the broader framework of human intelligence operations conducted by Poland’s Tel Aviv Station.
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| 2 |
ID:
188077
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| Summary/Abstract |
This article examines the origins, structure and role of the Polish counterterrorism system, which is then set against the rising threat posed by state and non-state actors employing hybrid warfare tools. We demonstrate the usefulness of anti-terrorist regulations, not only in counteracting terrorist groups, but also in the thwarting of operations engaged in by various entities waging hybrid warfare. We argue that lessons learned from the international struggle against terrorism can contribute to the development of proper prescriptions that seek to tackle hybrid threats. Extensive anti-terror instruments and measures implemented since 2016 are among the key elements in the contemporary defense and security doctrine being pursued by Poland. However, while the new regulations have provided intelligence agencies with strong powers that markedly enhance their capabilities regarding the recognition of hybrid threats, the same flexible legal regulations, subject to broad interpretation, may also serve a partisan agenda, and thus endanger the rule of law.
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