| Summary/Abstract |
EU energy policy influences the energy cooperation of its member states with Russia. Thus, how Russia perceives the European Union as an energy actor is significant. The article draws on an analysis of the discourse—and the topics within it—of public statements by Russian political leaders and officials regarding energy relations with the European Union in the period 2014–2019. By interpreting the core themes and content, it attempts to prove whether the European Union is recognised as an energy actor by Russia or whether Russia, rather, continues to acknowledge individual states as actors.
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