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| 1 |
ID:
188481
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| Summary/Abstract |
INAUGUST 1942, British Prime Minister Winston Churchill and US special envoy Averell Harriman left the Soviet Union, basking in what seemed to them a great political victory. Stalin had agreed, albeit grudgingly, to their decision to postpone the opening of the second front until 1943. In other words, he had accepted their obvious political perfidy that would prolong the war and cost many millions of Soviet lives. The Soviet leader, however, had not broken off allied relations, a step that [London and Washington] feared more than anything else. He was obviously determined to fight until the enemy was routed. The Soviet Union had no other option: To survive, it had to continue fighting with all available resources.
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| 2 |
ID:
188467
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE PRESENTATION of Biblioteka bioetiki [The Library of Bioethics] at the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Russian Federation offered an occasion to return to the discussion of the global challenges facing humanity amid unprecedentedly rapid and radical changes to the world and international relations. This unique 10-volume publication, prepared on the initiative of Academic Alexander Chuchalin, chairman of the Russian Committee on Bioethics, draws upon the creative legacy of outstanding thinkers of the past and inspires contemplation of the present in which the range of bioethical problems is constantly expanding and occupying an increasingly important place in anxious reflections on the future of civilization.
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| 3 |
ID:
188471
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DREAMS of a rapidly dawning age of carbon-free energy are not yet lost in Europe. But today, in anticipation of the inevitable cold, this topic has been put on the back burner. The German government has voiced concern that a shortage of gas this winter could lead to crisis in regions across Germany. Meanwhile, in France, heads of industry have serious concerns about the rising cost of gas. They are not ruling out the most grievous consequences, including a total collapse of industry.
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| 4 |
ID:
188466
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE TERM "warfare" has increasingly blurred boundaries in the 21st century, with countries coming up with new forms of conflicts against adversary states. This has led to the emergence of new terms such as "postmodern wars" [16], "mutiny wars" [4], and "network-centric warfare" [2]. The best-known of these new terms is "hybrid warfare," which came into being between the late 1990s and early 2000s. It is believed to have emerged in the US. Frank G. Hoffman was one of the first to write about changes to methods of warfare and to give a definition of hybrid warfare: "Hybrid threats incorporate a full range of different modes of warfare including conventional capabilities, irregular tactics and formations, terrorist acts including indiscriminate violence and coercion, and criminal disorder.... These multi-modal activities can be conducted by separate units, or even by the same unit, but are generally operationally and tactically directed and coordinated within the main battlespace to achieve synergistic effects in the physical and psychological dimensions of conflict" [19, p. 8]. Characteristics of a hybrid conflict arguably include
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| 5 |
ID:
188479
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Armen Oganesyan, editor-in-chief of International Affairs: It was Bishop Nestor's idea to hold this roundtable. He initiated, inspired, and blessed this event, so he has the floor to give welcoming remarks.
Nestor, Bishop of Yalta: Starting is always hard, but finishing is even harder, because everything in this world has a beginning but continues into eternity. By starting, I mean taking the first step in trying to understand our reality. It's an extremely complex and convoluted reality - more complex than the Soviet or any other reality. Therefore, our self-identification and self-assertion is our main spiritual and moral task. And this requires intellectual courage and the resolve to maintain one's identity in our rather difficult environment.
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| 6 |
ID:
188486
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| Summary/Abstract |
THE ORIGIN and current state of worldwide educational systems are laid out in the pages of the monograph International Standards of Education: Lessons of History and Modernity, produced by a team of authors under the editorship of Y.A. Goryachev and published by Etnosfera in 2022 [in Russian].
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| 7 |
ID:
188472
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IN CONTRAST to the rather clearly defined state borders, the division of the ecumene into regions and subregions is relative and highly speculative. It is implemented at the level of individuals and social groups, as well as states and political blocs. The classics of critical geopolitics, who insist on the socially conditioned basis of the perception of political and geographical space, argue that the drawing of boundaries may be both "conceptual and cartographic, imaginary and actual, social and aesthetic."
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| 8 |
ID:
188464
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THE WEST'S judicial and legal activities, including efforts to give the military conflict in Ukraine the semblance of an international criminal procedure - putting Russia as a whole, its military, and top officials on trial, as it were - are inevitable and predictable. In the past, international law in its traditional form (and at some point, since World War II, also in the form of criminal procedure) used to take center stage only after the cessation of hostilities, as the victors' right to define a new international order, but these days, it tends to accompany military actions and sometimes even precede them. This has to do with, among other things, the transformation of classical wars into "hybrid" ones that include not only military but also information, economic, and other components and feature no less fierce and crucial legal battles. It also has to do with the unwillingness of certain Western elites to risk their lives on the actual battlefield, participating instead in armchair battles and seeking to appropriate the morally unchallenged legacy of World War II while demonizing the enemy who will allegedly be put on trial at a new Nuremberg tribunal, etc.
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| 9 |
ID:
188477
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THE SECURITY of the Internet and telecommunications networks has been an increasing national security concern for most nations in recent years, due to the development of 5G and Internet of Things (IoT) technologies, the digitalization of a whole range of governmental and commercial services, the surging popularity of various online services largely because of the COVID-19 pandemic, and the mounting scale of cybercrime, including phishing attacks and financial fraud.
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| 10 |
ID:
188484
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| Summary/Abstract |
ONE OF THE most significant events in Russian social sciences in the past few years was the publication of Prospects for Sustainable Development: Appealing to Global and Latin American Realities [in Russian],* a collective monograph published under the general editorial supervision of Vladimir Davydov, associate member of the Russian Academy of Sciences. The book looks at the situation in Latin America through the lens of the sustainable development concept and outlines economic, social, and political prospects for the region.
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| 11 |
ID:
188470
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OUR COUNTRY is experiencing yet another turning point in its more than 1,000-year history. We are having to deal with the aggressive response of certain foreign players to our absolutely justified actions to protect our vital interests along our western borders. The world is facing an artificially created crisis of European security and of the entire post-World War II international order.
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| 12 |
ID:
188480
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GENEROSITY and concern for foreign counterparts have always been hallmarks of Russian diplomats. In no other country have members of the diplomatic corps and official delegations been given so much attention and been received with such splendor and truly imperial grandeur. The traditions of hospitality passed down through the generations were fully inherited and developed by the Soviet foreign policy service. And it never deviated from those traditions.
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| 13 |
ID:
188483
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| Summary/Abstract |
The funj sultanate took shape in 1504 on territory now occupied by Sudan. Based at Sennar on the shores of the Blue Nile River, it controlled all trade and pilgrimage routes. Its direct power stretched to Dongola in the north, and in the eastern part of Sudan, it collected tribute from the lands of the Beja people. Thus, the Nile Valley, earlier the space of Christian states, was gradually Islamized. Having increased its territory at the expense of the territories of the former Mamluk Sultanate, the Ottoman Empire became a northern neighbor of the funj sultanate even if separated from it by sparsely populated desert territories.
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| 14 |
ID:
188485
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| Summary/Abstract |
IN A PROJECT overseen by the Association of Russian Diplomats, Russian career diplomat minister counselor second class Yury Ivanov has published a book titled The First Soviet Diplomats: The People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs of the RSFSR/USSR (1917-1941) [in Russian]* that is in effect a follow-up to his encyclopedic work published in 2021 about the last diplomats of the Russian Empire.1 There has been increasing public interest in Russia lately in the life and work of various diplomats, as evidenced by the appearance of several historical and biographical publications on the subject.
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| 15 |
ID:
188469
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| Summary/Abstract |
POLITICAL ANALYSTS in many countries, including America, have been discussing a post-American world for years now. The Ukrainian crisis and its impending end allow us to talk about a new kind of geopolitics, since extensive American involvement in this conflict by proxy might mean that the defeat of Kiev will become the defeat of the US/Anglo-Saxons, albeit indirectly - but that is the only possible form of defeat in the era of nuclear confrontation. After the defeat of Napoleon's France and Hitler's Germany, this is the last missing link in the chain of forceful showdowns between the West and Russia. This will bring a new normal to global and European politics ushered in by a period of nonconfrontation during which the Western elites will learn to accept the new reality. This will be complicated by their euphoria over "victory in the Cold War" and the illusion of a "unipolar world" that have shaped the current generation of Western politicians.
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| 16 |
ID:
188473
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| Summary/Abstract |
THIRTY YEARS AGO, on August 14, 1992, the Representative Office of the Russian Foreign Ministry was established in Kaliningrad. This territorial agency handles a variety of tasks. It provides public services to citizens and is responsible for informational and interpretative public outreach. The Representative Office takes an active part in organizing and holding various international events in Kaliningrad Province. Its long history of assistance to regional government bodies in developing foreign relations reliably serves national interests and creates favorable conditions for the functioning of Russia's exclave region.
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| 17 |
ID:
188478
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| Summary/Abstract |
RUSSIA and India have a unique, trusting, and mutually beneficial relationship with a rich history of cooperation on politics and strategic planning, economics, energy, military and security, science and technology, culture, humanitarian cooperation, and other issues. Neither the coronavirus pandemic nor the unprecedented pressure on India from the US and its allies in connection with the special military operation launched by Russia in Ukraine on February 24, 2022, could undermine and disrupt them.
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| 18 |
ID:
188482
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| Summary/Abstract |
TODAY, our compatriots in Latvia, as well as throughout the Baltic region, have to fight for the right to be Russian. The Russian language and the status of Russian speakers are among the most controversial issues in Latvia. Russophobia has become a key element of Latvian politics.
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| 19 |
ID:
188474
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| Summary/Abstract |
HUMAN WELL-BEING is inseparable from science, technology, and innovation. The impact of science on society can hardly be overestimated, yet the impact of society on science is also growing. Science is no longer a field accessible to and understandable by only a limited number of specialists. It is becoming clearer that society wants to understand the results of scientific and technical achievements and their potential impact on life. Science communication is thus playing a greater role in society.
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| 20 |
ID:
188465
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| Summary/Abstract |
TRANSIENT changes in the modern world order have a significant impact not only on the foreign and domestic policies of individual states, even the most isolated ones, but also on vast geographic regions of our planet. One of them is Antarctica, which occupies about 52.5 million square kilometers, or one-tenth of the Earth's surface, around the South Pole. This area of the planet, which has no state or customs borders and no permanent population, industry, agriculture, transport communications, urban settlements, or military bases, is under international control. This control regime was established by the Antarctic Treaty of December 1, 1959 (hereinafter referred to as the Treaty), and other regional acts of international law included in the Antarctic Treaty System. Despite its uniqueness and natural isolation, Antarctica continues to be influenced by world politics and economics.
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