| Summary/Abstract |
This research note considers the origin, development, and functions of intelligence organizations in four selected democratic states, assessing their role in terrorism threat mitigation, their relationship with police forces, and the means and modalities by which they are controlled and monitored. The article is intended to help inform debate over the various strengths and weaknesses of establishing and maintaining dedicated security agencies that have no executive powers of arrest and which exist outside formal structures of law enforcement.
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