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POLITICAL WEST (2) answer(s).
 
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ID:   189852


Crisis of the International System and International Politics / Sakwa, Richard   Journal Article
Sakwa, Richard Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract Despite the Cold War and numerous hot wars, there is an essential continuity in the post-war period based on the Charter International System created in 1945. The United Nations and the associated declarations, organizations and normative orientations remain the framework for the conduct of international relations. At the level of international politics, orders are created in which states contend and hegemonic formations take shape. The Soviet-led bloc disintegrated in 1989-1991, leaving the field clear for the U.S.-led political West to claim universality, and on that basis seek to expand globally. However, the distinction between the system and conjunctural political sub-order is crucial to explain the dynamics in international affairs today.
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2
ID:   192482


Rise of Liberal Authoritarianism and Global Transition to Polycentrism / Zemánek, Ladislav   Journal Article
Ladislav Zemánek Journal Article
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Summary/Abstract The article deals with the transformation of the Western liberal democratic model and international relations amid Cold War II. Sources of liberal authoritarianism are identified, and the West’s ongoing authoritarian turn is conceptualized in terms of postliberalism. The latter is scrutinized through the political West’s efforts to protect liberal democracy and its values, and to establish global Gemeinschaft of liberal democracies through containment, deterrence, and encirclement. This process is seen as being interconnected with the intensifying conflict between liberal and sovereign internationalism over the international system. Whereas the political West asserts the rules-based order, the internally heterogeneous Global Majority seeks to establish a polycentric model based on the centrality of the UN Charter and the principles of peaceful coexistence. Hegemonism is compared with the Global Majority’s emancipatory aspirations that have led to the large-scale confrontation with the political West since 2022.
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