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ID:
190475
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| Summary/Abstract |
Previous studies on individual-level gender ideologies in Russia have produced conflicting results, with some suggesting re-traditionalisation and others noting increasing egalitarianism. This research explores changes in the Russian population’s views on gender division of labour between 1994 and 2012, moving beyond unidimensional conceptualisations of gender ideology that juxtapose traditionalism with egalitarianism. The findings evidence highly class-specific gender-ideology trajectories. Only lower classes increased their support for separate spheres. Amongst the more educated and affluent, ‘re-traditionalisation’ instead entailed increased endorsement of both joint breadwinning and gender-essentialist views of women’s caring roles at the expense of support for the housewife/male-breadwinner model and for egalitarianism.
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| 2 |
ID:
190478
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| Summary/Abstract |
Over just a few years, numerous Western-style cafés have opened in Kyrgyzstan’s capital and gained popularity. In contrast to existing food-service venues, these new cafés provide superior service, creating incentives to linger. Based on Oldenburg’s theory of the ‘third place’, this article analyses the functions of these cafés and discusses their significance for Bishkek society. Three main functions are identified: first, providing an alternative space for activities usually carried out at home or in the workplace; second, creating a sense of global affiliation; and third, providing a space for solitude within an otherwise traditionally communitarian and family-based society, thus enabling a process of individualisation.
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| 3 |
ID:
190476
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| Summary/Abstract |
Drawing on 60 in-depth interviews with adolescents and young men in Dagestan, I examine the construction of masculinity in the context of a postcolonial and peripheral society undergoing a transformation associated with deindustrialisation, urbanisation and globalisation. I focus on three male communities: freestyle wrestlers, street workout athletes and devout Muslim youth. Members of these communities develop their variants of male identity, differing in their attitudes towards violence, their view of the power of elders and their form of moral sovereignty. These versions of masculinity are supported and stabilised both by configurations of power relations and mechanisms of intragroup homosociality.
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| 4 |
ID:
190474
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| Summary/Abstract |
Focusing on the local community level, this study draws on representative survey data to examine how Ukrainians perceive social cohesion on the basis of objective and subjective criteria. Building on Chan et al.'s operationalisation of social cohesion, we use factor analysis to identify four dimensions of social cohesion: social engagement, connectedness, civic participation and intergroup concordance. Although we find no differences in assessments between the various regions of the country, social cohesion appears stronger in voluntarily formed amalgamated territorial communities compared to other territorial units. We discuss how and why Ukraine differs from other societies as to social cohesion features.
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| 5 |
ID:
190472
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| Summary/Abstract |
A pivotal question in the historiography of Stalinism is the degree to which coercion or popular support drove the Soviet war effort in World War II. This article addresses this question by examining the mass mobilisation of women to labour in the vital wartime logging and timber industry. It examines the means by which women workers were recruited; the incentives or otherwise used to promote production; and the daily lives of these women. The principal purpose of the article is to evaluate the coercive and motivational mechanisms by which the Soviet party-state mobilised women for this punishing labour.
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| 6 |
ID:
190473
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| Summary/Abstract |
Direct taxes are often considered to have had a lesser role in the economic development of communist countries when compared to their equivalents in market economies. This article challenges this view by arguing that direct taxes were critical in influencing the socio-economic transformation of Hungary between the end of World War II and the installation of the pro-Moscow regime of János Kádár after the failed 1956 revolution. Taxes levied on private businesses conditioned individuals’ economic prospects and simultaneously gave rise to various creative practices in economic self-management. Taxation under socialism not only shaped the lives of self-employed people but also had a lasting impact on society more broadly and the communist state itself.
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| 7 |
ID:
190477
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| Summary/Abstract |
Memory politics in post-Soviet cities is a growing area of research with significant political implications. However, there is still relatively little consideration of memory production in the sphere of tourism, particularly when it comes to the analysis of memory practices beyond official city branding. Focusing on the case of Almaty, Kazakhstan’s former capital, this article puts forward a multi-actor analysis of memory-making in city branding, highlighting the frictions between the identity projects promoted by city authorities and private entrepreneurs. We show how tourism has become an important battlefield for the negotiation of ethnic hierarchies in the city.
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