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| 1 |
ID:
190469
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| Summary/Abstract |
The essay describes the adoption of an active ageing policy framework in Russia. Based on semi-structured interviews with elderly Russians, the essay provides evidence of confusion and uncertainty on how to perceive one's own ageing. Research participants understood that the ‘paternalistic’ view of old age as a time of troubles was now largely viewed as obsolete, yet the new ‘optimistic’ view of old age as a time of freedom and opportunities often did not reflect their experiences. This mismatch in discourses and practices reflects how participatory empowerment rhetoric, which promotes active ageing, is becoming a justification for more modest state social service provision.
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| 2 |
ID:
190464
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay investigates how large companies in Russia communicate their engagement with the social welfare of people with disabilities. We analysed non-financial reports and studied how people with disabilities are addressed with regard to internal social policies and corporate social responsibility activities. We asked about the content and meaning of the reporting and built a typology of companies’ reported activities regarding welfare and inclusion in the workplace and in wider society. We attribute differences between the company groups to legacies of the Soviet welfare system, the characteristics of industrial sectors and the nature of state–business relationships in Russia.
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| 3 |
ID:
190465
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| Summary/Abstract |
Kyrgyzstan was one of the last post-Soviet countries to ratify the UN Convention on Rights of People with Disabilities (UN CRPD) in 2019. The disability movement played a significant role in advocating for the adoption and ratification of the UN CRPD. Interviews with disability activists and a desk review of documents trace the trajectory of the disability movement in Kyrgyzstan. As post-ratification events demonstrate, a narrow interpretation of the Convention results in the misrecognition of the voices of people with disabilities, who are prevented from meaningful engagement and participation in the policymaking process. The essay cautions against equating ratification with recognition.
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| 4 |
ID:
190463
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay explores the changing shape of transitions from education to employment amongst deaf and hard-of-hearing (DHOH) youth in Russia. It draws on survey and interview data to show that, despite the formal institution of inclusive policies and legal frameworks at the state level, the choices open to DHOH youth remain heavily limited, and become narrower at each stage of their transitions to adulthood. This narrowing of horizons and attendant marginalisation stems from the ongoing salience of disabling, medical approaches to deafness; a lack of enabling practices or resources to support DHOH youth in the education system; and widespread discrimination from employers.
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| 5 |
ID:
190468
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| Summary/Abstract |
This essay presents the discourse of ‘dignified ageing’ (dostoinoe starenie) mobilised by policy entrepreneurs in Russia in the fight for long-term care reform, which has been underway since 2017. Experts and practitioners have been voicing concerns about the quality of life and care for senior citizens in Russia and addressing barriers to and opportunities for improvement. Their master frame has been ‘dignified ageing’, which conveys multiple meanings and is aimed at mobilising the support of authorities and publics. We analyse public presentations and semi-structured interviews with reform entrepreneurs to explore their perspectives on ‘dignified ageing’ in the Russian context.
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| 6 |
ID:
190466
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| Summary/Abstract |
The essay discusses the ongoing child-welfare reforms in Russia, conceptualised as deinstitutionalisation, which link Russia closely to international trends in child rights-based child-welfare systems. Drawing from the neo-institutional framework, we ask what kind of institutional change has followed the new ideals of care, with what consequences, and what factors explain the obvious flaws. The essay is the outcome of two research projects and discusses their main findings. We argue that ideational shift is real at the policy and programme level; however, the overall execution remains sporadic and fragmented. The essay discusses four factors that affect the fragmentation of deinstitutionalisation, including an authoritarian political regime, a kinship-like understanding of foster care, the subordinate position of children’s rights to other rights and interests, and a low level of societal trust.
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| 7 |
ID:
190470
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| Summary/Abstract |
The essay compares the public evaluation of healthcare systems in Latvia and Russia in terms of efficiency and quality of healthcare services, unofficial payments and informal gift-giving practices, and social exclusion in the area of healthcare. The coronavirus pandemic has exposed shortcomings in the availability of healthcare services, which highlights the importance and relevance of this research. In particular, I give an overview of problems people face when they receive medical treatment and test whether public perceptions vary across different social groups. To explain the observed differences, I focus on the institutional background to the current state of healthcare systems in Russia and Latvia.
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| 8 |
ID:
190467
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| Summary/Abstract |
The study explores different aspects of the educational integration of migrants in Russia. The analysis shows that the challenges posed by cultural heterogeneity are not taken into account at the legislative level in the sphere of education. Analysis of the content of textbooks for migrant children shows tendencies towards the elimination of cultural specificity from grade to grade, the exclusion of adult migrants in representations of intercultural contact and the implicit reinforcement of the dominant role of the majority. The results demonstrate the necessity of rethinking the legal framework for regulating education and the content of schoolbooks.
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| 9 |
ID:
190471
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| Summary/Abstract |
The post-Soviet era began with wide-ranging economic and institutional dislocations that had an enormous impact on the lives of most people in the societies affected. In the first years of the 1990s, poverty, morbidity and mortality rates grew to unprecedented levels, as birth rates declined (Haub Citation1994). While few escaped the consequences of the collapse of state socialism, it was clear that certain groups were especially marginalised in the new market environment (Field & Twigg Citation2000). The children of the poor, children and young people in state institutions, people with physical and mental disabilities, the elderly and economic migrants travelling to other countries in search of work, came to experience new levels of social exclusion, as neither the remnants of Soviet welfare states nor the new market economy provided them with social security.
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| 10 |
ID:
190462
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| Summary/Abstract |
In recent years, the Russian government has adopted major social policy reforms that incorporate contemporary state-of-the-art international principles and practices. New legislation has mandated deinstitutionalisation, that is, closing Russia’s large network of residential facilities for children ‘without parental supervision’ (‘deti bez popecheniya roditelei’)Footnote1 and people with disabilities. Programmes of foster care and adoption are emptying orphanages, while efforts have been made to reorient efforts of social workers and family courts towards preserving families. Children with disabilities are being moved out of institutions and integrated into public schools, while adults now have possibilities to live and work in communities that have been made more accessible. ‘Active Ageing’ policies are designed to enhance the agency and self-determination of older people. Schools have begun to integrate the children of migrant workers. Some social service provision has been outsourced to socially-oriented non-governmental organisations (SONPOs; see Cook et al. Citation2021) in order to allow a choice of providers and services. While the progress of these reforms has been uneven, collectively they reflect the Russian government’s efforts towards integrating into mainstream society groups that have for decades been marginalised or institutionalised.
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