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| 1 |
ID:
190638
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| Summary/Abstract |
Limited access to modern energy is a pressing issue and has necessitated scholarly discourse on energy poverty, especially in developing countries. This paper investigated energy poverty in Kenya and its implications on human health using the multidimensional energy poverty framework, propensity score matching and marginal structural models. The results indicate that energy poverty is relatively high in the North Eastern parts of Kenya, with multidimensional energy poverty (MEP) index of 0.62. In this region, 87.5% of households were classified as acute energy poor. Rift valley, Western, Nyanza, Eastern, Coast and Central had MEP values of 0.56, 0.55, 0.54, 0.52, 0.50 and 0.43, respectively. Nairobi region recorded the least MEP at 0.21, with 72.9% of households classified in the low energy poor category. The MEP index for rural areas was high compared to urban areas. This study confirmed a strong, statistically significant impact of energy poverty on human health. Causal relative risk and causal risk differences of 1.883 and 1.403, respectively, were observed between energy poverty and health. There is a need for deliberate policy action to ensure the availability of modern energy at affordable prices. There is also an urgent need of mainstreaming health in energy policies.
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| 2 |
ID:
190642
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The energy industry strives to address a number of challenges—satisfy increasing energy demands, fulfill renewable energy policy requirements, and update aging infrastructure. Complicating energy projects are the controversies they can stir among stakeholders, sparking disagreements about environmental, economic, and aesthetic outcomes. Conflicts such as protests, petitions, or lawsuits can lead to schedule delays and cost overruns, which are difficult for project sponsors to predict. Using literature and news media, this study aims to identify trends in project controversies across energy projects. The study uses a mixed deductive and inductive content analysis to determine which actions, project phases, and stakeholders are discussed most frequently within both academic literature and news media. Using code cooccurrences, the study evaluates which stakeholders take specific actions at different project phases. Results show that the most active opposing stakeholders to energy development projects are community members, and actions opposing a project most frequently occur in the proposal phase. These results highlight the importance of engaging with communities early in project lifecycles. Opposition typically includes dissemination of information within communities, including letters to editors, internet newsletters, and public meetings. From this analysis, policy recommendations are provided for energy project sponsors to better anticipate and mitigate conflict.
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| 3 |
ID:
190640
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| Summary/Abstract |
The aim of this work is to investigate the different implications in terms of political stability that a high oil dependency has in both oil-exporting and oil-importing countries. We employ network analysis to understand which countries are most connected in the global crude oil trade, and central in the intermediation of the flows. Then, we use this information to estimate the effects of oil dependency on political stability on a panel of 155 countries over the period 1995–2019, by means of a simultaneous-quantile regression model. Our findings corroborate the resource curse hypothesis in relation to oil-exporting countries, especially linking this outcome to the emergence of rent-seeking behaviours. Interestingly, we find that a different type of resource curse hypothesis – related to the indirect endowment of oil resources – also affects intermediary countries. As for oil importers, we find that countries that are heavily dependent on oil as the main energy source are largely exposed to geopolitical turmoil and risk to import political instability together with oil.
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| 4 |
ID:
190644
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| Summary/Abstract |
Achieving sustainable development goals demands an unprecedented change in the global economic structure and a transformation of the traditional energy system. Based on the sustainability agenda, the current study's main aim is to investigate the trends in sustainability, measured through ecological footprints as determined by the energy transition, energy patents, natural resources, and non-renewable energy in the European Union members during 1998–2019. Cross-sectional-autoregressive-distributed lag approach has been applied to investigate both long-run and short-run relationships between the variables. The initial findings confirm the presence of cross-sectional dependence, heterogeneity in the slope coefficients, stationarity properties, and panel cointegration, respectively. The empirical results further ensure that energy transition and patents work for environmental sustainability in reducing ecological footprints in the long run. Contrarily, non-renewable energy and natural resources adversely impact the sustainability agenda while increasing the ecological footprints both in the long and short run. Moreover, the results are consistent with the robustness check through the Augmented Mean Group and Common Correlated Effects Mean Group estimators. The study suggests that the European Union members continue to promote the transition from non-renewable energy to clean energy sources to empower the sustainability plans determined by United Nations.
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| 5 |
ID:
190639
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| Summary/Abstract |
Lack of finance is a key barrier to sustainable development. Formal aid and private investment are insufficient and vulnerable to inefficient government-to-government interactions and fail to reach some populations. Remittances from 280 million migrant workers to families at home represent enormous complementary monetary inflows to low- and middle-income countries, and, at $600 billion globally, are three-times greater than “top-down” Official Development Assistance. While commonly intended to alleviate poverty, remittances are rarely targeted towards sustainable development, and can even lead to environmental degradation. There is significant potential to align remittances with sustainability goals, assisted by emerging technologies and digital-finance platforms. Proactive “green remittances” can take the form of cash, goods, or services. They can be targeted to households, transportation, agriculture, entrepreneurial purposes, or community-level infrastructure projects. Applications include renewable energy, energy-efficiency, and a range of climate change resilience and adaptation activities. The article provides a unique synthesis of the existing literature, highlighting the lack of focus on proactively directing remittances toward sustainability, and identifies and assesses early targeting efforts in eight countries. Key policy challenges include awareness-building among remittance providers and recipients, identifying and pooling applicable locally-available goods and services, assuring quality, reducing transaction costs, and scale-up.
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| 6 |
ID:
190645
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| Summary/Abstract |
Numerous studies on the factors influencing Ghana's environmental quality have been undertaken. However, to the best of our knowledge, no study has been conducted on the relationship between green human capital and environmental quality in Ghana. This study aims to address this knowledge gap by exploring the influence of green human capital on environmental quality in Ghana within the environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) framework. Modern econometric techniques are employed for accurate and trustworthy analyses based on data collected from Ghana from 1990 to 2019. The results reveal that all the study variables are first differenced stationary and co-integrated in the long run. Therefore, the novel dynamic autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) simulation is adopted to examine the connections between the variables. The findings demonstrate that increasing green human capital degrades environmental quality in the short term while green human capital benefits environmental quality in the long term. Further, the investigation validates the EKC hypothesis in Ghana. It is recommended that stronger initiatives and policies be established to address the detrimental consequences of environmental deterioration caused by incompetent human capital, and that life-long green education be continuously reinforced so that human knowledge and skills keep updated with zero-emission milestones.
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| 7 |
ID:
190641
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| Summary/Abstract |
Wind energy plays an important role in the energy transition. However, many wind energy projects result in conflicts at the local level. Mayors and local council members are key actors who can play a supportive, moderating, escalating, or mediating role in siting decisions about wind energy. Further, communities' social norms encapsulate their beliefs about what a wind energy project should be like. Alongside public expectations, these norms indicate the layers of cultural dynamics and standards of communities. Hence, this study investigates the dynamics of local responses to wind energy projects and their outcomes. This is achieved through an empirical-qualitative approach in which the experiences of four Bavarian case studies in Germany are illustrated using document analysis and in-depth interviews. The results of this study indicate that mayors play a crucial role in local responses to wind energy projects in Bavaria. Their support is necessary but not sufficient for local acceptance. Other stakeholders, next to project characteristics and communication, as well as external events, also have an impact on local responses over time. The paper concludes with lessons learned about communication and information strategies, as the study has implications for policymakers and practitioners in relation to designing and planning wind energy projects.
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| 8 |
ID:
190646
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| Summary/Abstract |
Electricity access for economic development is a major challenge in Sudan amidst rapid population growth and climate variabilities. This study investigates the nexus between electricity consumption, carbon dioxide emissions, total population, and economic growth from 1971 to 2019. This study incorporates Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) bound testing approach with various econometric techniques to address methodological limitations in Sudan and introduces appealing methodological innovation to control the structural breaks in the dataset. The empirical findings demonstrate that, despite the high potential of energy resources, Sudan has failed to provide adequate electricity to promote economic development and meet population electricity demand. The ARDL results show strong associations between total population, environmental degradation and economic growth. The Granger causality results show evidence that the country's growing population improves economic growth, increases electricity demand, and damages the environment. Therefore, the government's greatest challenge is achieving economic growth while promoting environmental quality. The findings suggest that Sudan cannot take the energy conservation policy because it could delay the country's economic growth. However, various policy reforms are needed for affordable electricity access and environmentally-friendly development, like promoting renewable energy, diversifying of energy mix, and supporting high efficiency in consumption-based sectors.
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| 9 |
ID:
190643
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| Summary/Abstract |
At the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change 26th Conference of the Parties (COP 26) in November 2021, Vietnam pledged to phase out unabated coal power by the 2040s or as soon as possible thereafter. Achieving this will require major efforts. This study investigates the drivers for Vietnam's coal power phase-out decision, barriers to Vietnam achieving a successful unabated thermal coal phase out, and potential strategies to achieve the pledge. To this end, a survey of 43 experts from government agencies, research institutions, civil society, and industry was carried out, supplemented by 23 follow-up interviews. The results indicate that ambition to attract international support for green growth initiatives in a context of limited financing options for new coal power projects appears to have been the primary driver for the decision. Key barriers include concerns about electricity shortages and incomplete regulatory frameworks for new clean power options. Recommended strategies include: 1) reforming regulations to facilitate investments in clean energy, electricity transmission, and energy storage; 2) continuing political prioritisation; and 3) building broad-based support from the community and enterprises. Vietnam's case is relevant to other developing countries and beyond.
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| 10 |
ID:
190647
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| Summary/Abstract |
Since China is the world's largest carbon emitter with a high dependence on coal and a constantly upgrading industrial structure, therefore, we study which of these two factors can affect carbon emissions more significantly. In this study, the Cross-sectional augmented error correction method (CS-ECM) is used to investigate the impact of coal consumption and industrial structure on carbon emissions in 30 provinces of China from 2000 to 2019. For robustness check, the common dynamic process augmented mean group (AMG) is also adopted. The study suggests that in the short term, both coal consumption and industrial structure have no significant impact on carbon emissions. In the long term, coal consumption plays a decisive role in reducing carbon emissions, while the impact of industrial structure is still not. According to the CS-ECM approach, in the long run, a 1% rise in coal consumption increases carbon emissions by 1.057%; it indicates that coal consumption is the more important factor for the increase of long-term carbon emission. Government should adopt necessitating coal consumption-control measures to avoid further deterioration of carbon emissions.
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