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ID:
191198
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| Summary/Abstract |
In this study, we investigate how households' choice of energy source is influenced by the status of the local forest resource. We assume that households choose between clean fuels (e.g., kerosene, LPG, solar, and electricity), dirty biobased fuels (e.g., firewood, animal dung, crop residues, and charcoal), and mixed fuels. We integrate socioeconomic data with high-resolution satellite data on forest conditions from the Uganda National Panel Survey. The findings from a random-effects multinomial logit model indicate that households in vegetated areas are 6–7% less likely to rely solely on dirty biobased fuels, and 6–8% more likely to use mixed fuels, compared to those in non-vegetated areas. A larger forest stock is more strongly associated with lower use of firewood than charcoal. A possible explanation for the findings is the presence of policies for forest conservation and enhanced forest property rights, which improve forest conditions and limit opportunities to collect firewood. Given households' dependence on forest-based fuels, such policies could need to be modified to secure households’ access to these fuels.
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| 2 |
ID:
191195
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| Summary/Abstract |
Geothermal energy is a constant, reliable source of energy which has the potential to play a key role in decarbonisation of the heating of buildings in the UK. At present it is underutilized, making up just 4.5 per cent of renewable energy used in the UK, and a significant reason for this is the lack of clear regulatory framework for addressing the environmental impacts and supporting private investment. This article identifies the environmental and financial risks of both shallow and deep geothermal energy and analyses if, how, and to what extent they are addressed in the current regulatory regime. It finds that regulation of the environmental impacts is piecemeal and recommends reform of the regulatory regime to cover all geothermal energy systems and operations. This article also finds that the current regulatory framework fails to address the significant upfront costs of both shallow and deep geothermal energy operations or the potential for depletion of the geothermal resource on which they depend. It highlights the need for a regulatory regime that protects geothermal energy resources from overabstraction and balances the interests of multiple users, and for financial incentives to encourage growth of both the shallow and deep geothermal energy industries.
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