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ID:
191321
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| Summary/Abstract |
Whether biomass energy should be regarded as a clean energy or not is still a contentious issue in the literature. Biomass energy comes from different sources, each having the possibility to affect the environment differently. Accounting for this heterogeneity to avoid any aggregation bias, this study examines the impact of biomass energy on environmental quality in the U.S. from the standpoints of consumption and production, different biomass sources, asymmetric changes, and threshold effects. We find that the adverse environmental impact of biomass energy production is higher than its consumption. Moreover, except in the long-run where the impact of negative changes in biomass energy consumption overshadows its positive changes, positive changes in biomass energy consumption and production degrade the environment more than negative changes in biomass energy consumption. The threshold analysis further reveals that the production and consumption of biomass energy beyond some levels reduces environmental quality, unlike when they are minimal. Finally, wood is the most environmentally unfriendly biomass energy source, whereas biodiesel is the most environmentally friendly. The policy implications of these findings are crucial for environmental sustainability, climate change mitigation, and efficient production and use of biomass.
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| 2 |
ID:
191434
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| Summary/Abstract |
Given the rising technological progress and infrastructural developments among the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) countries and the global move towards a reduction in the use of fossil fuels to mitigate climate change, this study aims to examine the role of technological innovation in the countries' energy efficiency to. We discover that energy intensity is increased by endogenous technological innovation in the BRI countries, especially at the middle and higher quantiles. We then remove China from the panel in order to check if the country's high technological advancement and energy efficiency might have an outlying influence on the relationship. Except for a relative decline in the significant estimates across the quantiles, the direction of effect largely remains. Finally, China's technological innovation has a reducing spillover effect on the energy intensity of the BRI countries. These findings indicate that, while endogenous technological innovations are detrimental to the energy efficiency of the BRI countries, China's technologies are energy efficient for the other BRI countries, and should be adopted or absorbed to reduce dependence on fossil fuels.
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